Nutrition for CKD Stage 4 and 5 (No Dialysis)

Nutrition for CKD Stage 4 and 5 (No Dialysis)

When you have chronic kidney disease, nutrition is an important part of your treatment plan. Your recommended diet may change over time if your kidney disease gets worse.

Your Dietitian will help you plan your meals with the right foods and in the right amounts. Nutrients affecting the kidney at this stage are:

  • Protein
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • Phosphorus
  • Vitamins

Kidney Disease and Diabetes

If you have diabetes, you may need to make a few changes to your diabetes diet with the help of your dietitian. Check your blood sugar levels often and try to keep your levels under control. Your doctor or pharmacist may adjust your insulin or other medications if your kidney disease gets worse.

Renal Dietitian

Your doctor or renal dietitian will monitor your blood work. If any changes are required to your diet, a renal dietitian will work with you to develop a meal plan that will fit within your cultural and lifestyle needs. It is important to remember that dietary changes may vary among people with kidney disease.

Eating the right amount of protein will help to:

  • Build muscles and repair body tissues
  • Fight infections and helps with healing
  • Prevent wastes from building up in your blood

Large servings of protein foods may increase the workload of the kidney. A good serving size is about three ounces or 90 g (about the size of a deck of cards).  Try to include plant proteins and decrease animal proteins.

Protein is found in many foods, but is higher in:

  • Tofu
  • Dried peas, beans and lentils
  • Nuts and nut butters
  • Eggs
  • Cheese
  • Fish and seafood
  • Poultry (chicken, turkey and duck)
  • Red meat

TIPS

  • Choose plant-based proteins more often such as beans, tofu and other legumes.

Limiting sodium to 2300 mg or less (about 1 teaspoon of salt) per day:

  • Helps to reduce fluid build up in the body (swelling of the ankles, fingers, eyes)
  • Helps to control blood pressure within normal ranges

Sodium is a mineral and is found in most foods, but is especially high in:

  • All forms of salt (table salt, sea salt, Kosher salt and Himalayan salt)
  • Salty seasonings (e.g. soy sauce, teriyaki sauce, garlic salt and seasoning salt)
  • Most canned foods and some frozen foods
  • Processed meats (e.g. ham, bacon, sausage and cold cuts)
  • Salted snack foods (e.g. chips, crackers and pickles)
  • Most restaurant and take-out foods
  • Canned or dehydrated soups (e.g. packaged noodle soup)

TIPS

  • Eat foods closest to their natural state (not processed)
  • Read food labels for the amount of sodium
  • Add flavour to your food. Try a dash of:
    — Hot pepper sauce
    — Lemon juice
    — Vinegar
    — Fresh or dried herbs and spices
    — No-added salt blends (Mrs. Dash® or McCormick’s No Salt Added®)

Avoid: Salt substitutes (Half Salt®, Salt Free® and No-Salt®)

  • Is an important mineral that helps your heart and muscles work properly
  • Too much or too little potassium in your blood can be dangerous
  • Not everyone needs the same amount of potassium. How much you need will depend on:
    — How well the kidneys are working
    — Some types of medications you are taking
  • Potassium is found in all foods but large amounts are found in:
    — Some fruits and vegetables (bananas, oranges, potatoes, tomatoes, dried fruits and juices)
    — Milk and yogurt
    — Dried beans and peas
    — Salt substitutes (Half Salt®, Salt-Free® or No-Salt®)
    — Chocolate

TIPS

  • Know your blood potassium level (normal = 3.5-5.1). If it is too low you may need a supplement (either potassium medication or a high potassium diet) to raise your potassium level. If it is too high, you may need a binder (medication) to lower your potassium level and a low potassium diet.
  • Double boiling potatoes and root vegetables will reduce the amount of potassium. To double boil: Peel and cut potatoes or vegetables in small pieces. Boil in a large amount water for 10 minutes. Drain. Refill pot with fresh water and finish boiling.
  • Dried peas, beans and lentils can be soaked in a large amount of water for 12 hours to lower potassium. Discard water and boil in fresh water until done. Discard leftover water.
  • Canned chickpeas and kidney beans are lower in potassium straight out of the can. Rinse before using.

  • Also known as phosphate is a mineral that works with calcium to form strong bones and teeth.

In the later stages of kidney disease, phosphorus starts to build up in your blood. Calcium is then pulled from your bones into your blood. This causes serious problems like:

  • Damage to the heart and other organs
  • Poor blood circulation
  • Bone pain and weakness
  • Skin sores

Phosphorus is found in most foods. Large amounts are found in:

  • Dairy products (milk, cheese, pudding, yogurt and ice cream)
  • Seeds (sunflower, pumpkin and chia)
  • Other beverages (colas, beer and cocoa)
  • Chocolate
  • Seasoned meats and processed/convenience foods
  • Baking powder

Check ingredients lists of packaged food for added phosphate.

Your dietitian will discuss ways to help you lower your phosphorus intake. Your doctor may prescribe a phosphate binding medication to be taken just before meals to help control the level in your blood.

  • When your diet is limited, you may need to take a special vitamin pill made for people with kidney disease
  • Do not take over-the-counter vitamins
  • Do not take over-the-counter Vitamin D or calcium pills unless recommended by your kidney doctor
  • Check with your kidney doctor and/or pharmacist about herbal medications
  • In the later stages of kidney disease, your kidneys may not be able to remove the extra fluid in your body
  • You may need to limit how much fluid you eat or drink. Tell the health-care team if you notice you have swelling (eyes, legs, arms or abdomen) or if you are making less urine
  • Come from the foods you eat
  • Without enough calories, your body will use up your protein to give you energy. This will cause wasting (loss of muscle)

Eating enough calories helps:

  • You stay at a healthy weight
  • Your body use protein for building muscles and tissues

TIPS

  • Eat three meals each day
  • Have something to eat every four to six hours
  • Watch how much or how little you eat (portion control)
  • Your dietitian will help you with your calorie needs
  • Provide energy and are part of a healthy diet

TIPS

  • Include a small amount (30-45 ml or 2-3 tbsp) of unsaturated fat each day. This includes oil used for cooking, salad dressings, margarine and mayonnaise
  • Use vegetables oils such as canola, olive and soybean
  • Choose soft margarines that are low in saturated and trans fats (look for labels that say non-hydrogenated)
  • Limit butter, hard margarines, lard, shortening, fried and deep fried foods
  • Include lean meat and meat alternatives by consuming a portion between 2-3 ounces (about the size of a deck of cards), two to three times per day

Comparing Diets – No Restrictions vs. Kidney Friendly

MEALNO DIET RESTRICTIONSLOW: SALT, POTASSIUM, PHOSPHORUS
& PROTEIN
BREAKFASTOrange juice
Bran cereal
Milk
Coffee with milk		½ cup canned fruit
Rice Krispies®
½ cup of milk
Coffee
LUNCHCanned Pea soup
Bologna sandwich
Salad (lettuce, tomato,
cucumber and celery)
Banana
Milk		Homemade low-salt, low-potassium
vegetable soup
Roast beef sandwich
Salad (lettuce, cucumber and celery)
½ cup grapes
water/hot beverage/non-cola soda
DINNERHam
Canned peas
Frozen fried potatoes
Orange
Milk		3 ounces pork roast
½ cup frozen or fresh peas
½ cup homemade double-boiled potatoes
1 whole wheat dinner roll
Apple
Water/hot beverage/non-cola soda
SNACKCrackers, cheese & sausage
Cola		1 cup air popped popcorn (unsalted)
Water/hot beverage/non-cola soda

Kidney Friendly Recipes

Check out tons of kidney friendly cooking ideas from simple snacks to holiday dinner ideas modified for people living with CKD and/or on dialysis.

Learn More